FASD Resources

Publications

SPECIFiC

Cook, P. A., Price, A. D., Perryman, K., Bennett, K., Earl, P., Webster, A., Gage, H., Williams, P., Allely, C. S., Shields, J., & Mukherjee, R. A. S. (2026). Parenting course for caregivers of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) versus waitlist: a randomised controlled large-scale feasibility study of the SPECIFiC (Salford parents and carers’ education course for improvements in FASD outcomes in children) programme. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 10.1111/jcpp.70218. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.70218

Price, A. D., Mukherjee, R. A., Webster, A., Tate, D., Allely, C. S., Brown, S., Buckard, J., Burd, L., Butcher, S., Shields, J., & Cook, P. A. (2023). Development and pre-feasibility testing of specific: a psychoeducation programme for caregivers of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(10), 3026-3041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02637-6

Criminal Justice System

Naseem, U., Allely, C. S., Mukherjee, R. A., & Gilbert, D. J. (2026). Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and Harmful Sexual Behaviours or Sexual Offending: A Systematic Scoping Review. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 1-33. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11896-026-09848-9

Goddard, Allely, Mukherjee & Price (2026). Exploring Fitness to Participate in Court Proceedings Among Defendants with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Scoping Review. DOI: 10.1007/s11896-026-09840-3

Gilbert, D. J., Azumara, S. I., Wheatcroft, J. M., Steele, K., Cook, P., Mukherjee, R., Gudjonsson, G., & Brown, N. N. (2026). FASD and Intellectual Disability Equivalence: A Meta-Analysis of Suggestibility During Forensic Interviews. Behavioral sciences & the law, 44(3), 450–460. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.70052

Gilbert, D. J., Allely, C. S., Mukherjee, R. A., Gudjonsson, G., Brown, J., McGinn, V., & Cook, P. A. (2025). An empirical examination of confabulation in adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/jpn0000016

Hill, G., Gerry Kc, F., Herlihen, P., Allely, C. S., & Gilbert, D. J. (2025). Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and the Courts: How England and Wales Could Benefit From Following an Australian Model. Criminal behaviour and mental health: CBMH, 35(3), 142–146. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.2375

Brown, J., Lewis, D. S., Kivisalu, T., Wartnik, A. P., Carter, M. N., Harr, D., Jozan, A., & Gilbert, D. J. (2024). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and the criminal justice system: A guide for legal professionals. International journal of law and psychiatry, 97, 102029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.102029

Gilbert, D. J., Allely, C. S., Gudjonsson, G., Mukherjee, R. A., & Cook, P. A. (2024). Immediate and repeat interrogative suggestibility in a sample of adolescents with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Diversity & Inclusion Research, 1(1), e12007.https://doi.org/10.1002/dvr2.12007

Gilbert, D. J., Allely, C. S., Hickman, N., Mukherjee, R. A., & Cook, P. A. (2023). ‘I inevitably get in trouble… in one way or another’: Qualitative exploration of the vulnerabilities and experiences of justice system encountered individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 4, 100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2023.100124

Mukherjee, R., Cook, P. A., Gilbert, D., & Allely, C. S. (2023). Overview of offenders with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Forensic Aspects of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Clinician’s Guide, 84. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108955522.008

Gilbert, D. J., Allely, C. S., Mukherjee, R. A. S., & Cook, P. A. (2022). Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Investigative interviewing: A systematic review highlighting clinical and legal implications and recommendations. Behavioral sciences & the law, 40(1), 170–185. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2552

Allely, C.S., Mukherjee, R.A.S., (2019) Suggestibility, false confessions and competency to stand trial in individuals with FASD, Journal of Criminal Psychology 9(4) 166-172

Prevalence

McCarthy, R., Pink, J., Olivier, L., Gilbert, D., Mukherjee, R. and Cook, P.A. (2026) “ Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Prevalence Studies in School Settings: A Global Systematic Review of Methods, Measures, Strengths and Limitations,” Drug and Alcohol Review 45, no. 6: e70233, https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.70233.

McCarthy, R., Cook, P. A., Pink, J., & Eddy, L. H. (2024). Associations between prenatal alcohol exposure and early education outcomes: a matched controls study using the born in Bradford dataset. Journal of developmental origins of health and disease, 15, e29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174424000369

McCarthy, R., Blackburn, C., Mukherjee, R. A., Allely, C. S., & Cook, P. A. (2024). “Taking part in the project has really changed our experience as a family” investigating parents’ experience of participation in a study to screen for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Heliyon, 10(9), e30076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30076

Harding, S. K., Samways, B., Dillon, A., Butcher, S., Boyd, A., Mukherjee, R., Cook, P. A., & McQuire, C. (2024). Establishing a national linked database for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in the UK: multi-method public and professional involvement to determine acceptability and feasibility. International journal of population data science, 6(1), 2381. https://doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v9i1.2381

McCarthy, R., Mukherjee, R. A., Fleming, K. M., Green, J., Clayton‐Smith, J., Price, A. D., … & Cook, P. A. (2021). Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Greater Manchester, UK: An active case ascertainment study. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 45(11), 2271-2281.

Morleo, M., Woolfall, K., Denham, D., Mukherjee, R., Bellis, M. & Cook, P. (2011). Under-reporting of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: an analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics. BMC Paediatrics, 11(14), 1-6

Trauma

Purrington, J., Price, A. D., Godfrey, C., Lynch, J., Cook, P. A., & Mukherjee, R. A. S. (2025). The Impact of a Neurocollaborative Theraplay® Informed Intervention on the Presentations of Developmental Trauma and Attachment Difficulties in Adopted Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: An Extended Case Study. Journal of child & adolescent trauma, 18(3), 555–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-025-00715-z

Mukherjee, R.A.S., Cook, P.A., Norgate, S.H., Price, A.D., (2018) Neurodevelopmental outcomes in individuals with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnosis, with and without exposure to neglect: A natural experiment in patients seen in a national FASD diagnostic clinic.: Alcohol 76(May) 23-28

Price, A., Cook, P.C., Norgate, S., Mukherjee, R.A.S., (2017) Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and traumatic childhood experience: a systematic review Neuroscience and behavioural reviews 25, 89-98

Other

Price, A., Allely, C., & Mukherjee, R. (2025). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: where we have come from, trends, and future directions. Minerva pediatrics, 77(1), 68–86. https://doi.org/10.23736/S2724-5276.24.07365-8

Gilbert, D. J., Price, A. D., Cook, P. A., & Mukherjee, R. A. S. (2025). The Relationship Between Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Infant/Child-Caregiver Attachment: A Scoping Review. Children, 12(9), 1133. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12091133

Allely, C. S., Woodhouse, E., & Mukherjee, R. A. (2023). Autism spectrum disorder and personality disorders: How do clinicians carry out a differential diagnosis?. Autism: the international journal of research and practice, 27(6), 1847–1850. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613231151356

Webster, B. M., Carlisle, A. C. S., Livesey, A. C., Deeprose, L. R., Cook, P. A., & Mukherjee, R. A. S. (2023). Evaluating the Difference in Neuropsychological Profiles of Individuals with FASD Based on the Number of Sentinel Facial Features: A Service Evaluation of the FASD UK National Clinic Database. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 10(2), 266. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020266

Cook, P. A., & Mukherjee, R. A. S. (2022). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: following Australia’s example. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 376, o279. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o279

Scholin, L., Mukherjee, R.A.S., Price, A.D., Gard, R.R., Smith, L., Howlett, H., Brown, S., Flemming, K.M., Zammitt, D.C., Shileds, J., Aiton, N., Blackburn, C., Cook, P.A., (2021) Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders– an overview on current evidence and activities Archives of Diseases in Children 0; 1-5

Gilbert D.J., Mukherjee. R.A.S., Cook, P.A., (2021) Exploring the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected to have FASD. Adoption & Fostering, 45(2), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/03085759211011735

Mukherjee, R.A.S., Cook, P.C., Flemming, K., Norgate, S., (2016) What can be done to lessen the morbidity of FASD Archives of disease in childhood, 102(5), 463-467.